African American Slavery

 

African American Slavery trade was prohibited in 1808 by congress. Importing slaves may not had been allowed, but their was still trading and auctions around to sell slaves. Around 1790 and 1860, slavery was pushed more to the southern area. Being put in a area not close to their family. The reason for raising and selling them was to make the economy better for them in ways of getting money. They had different jobs in the 1800s, they worked for hours and hours on picking cotton and planting. Some did laundry and made dinner. Some worked in factories, construction workers.
If some did good, they were given nice things. While some slaves werent appreciated at times,they were threatened. Some worked in mines and there they were usually punished. But some were freed because of their goodness of doing so well with their owners after their owner died. They created the underground railroad in canada in the 1800s. There was many free Negroes after the 1830s. During the 1830s and 1860s, the number of slaves decreased.

There was different negros in seven classes. some were descendents of some servants, while some were born free mothers. Some were successful at gaining freedom. But these slaves were not considered as good people to follow for the other slaves in different communities. The more they tried to escape, the worse they were said as bad examples to follow. If a negro was to try to become a free slave, they had to pay for the mayer and his family $50 each person. Even if they were free, they could not underestimate and do wrong towards the whites, they were sent to jail for any misbehavior they had. There was 290 free slaves that became trapped in the city jail. Life for both free slaves and slaves, still remained a struggle

Niagara Movement

 

During the year of 1905,  Du Bois had great contolling power over the black community. He formed a meeting at the Niagara Falls, New York.He formed a group offering militant alternative to Washington This is how it became known as the Niagara Movement.It represented the African American community. Booker Washington had made a policy of adjustments. Of July, 29 men formed a group called the niagra movement, the reason for the groups name was because of the location that everything was taking place and it became something that they wanted to protest  and let out world wide, something they wanted to be done.They believed that all men were equal, meaning that no man is better than the other, they also believed that everyone should be treated the same due to their actions or conduct. 

Economically, at the time, they argued that negro-americans should have the option of living out their own dreams and making a living decently like regular americans did. Education was not given to them properly around this time they were seperated because of color  during schooling. There was not much education given in the south, so they believed that they should have the rights to have proper teaching, or if they wanted to be well educated, have the ability and decision to have higher education.Juries was made to stop discrimination and if negro-americans ever made a fault in their actions, whites should have the same punishments so as to being equal towards torment and hatred.They believed that all men were created equal, even though they had different rights for certain things. In many ways, they helped and supported the African American people in slavery. They stood as great supporters from year 1896 to 1954.

http://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/stories_events_niagara.html

source:http://www.math.buffalo.edu/~sww/0history/hwny-niagara-movement.html

 http://www.yale.edu/glc/archive/1152.htm

Harriet Tubman

Originally, around 1819, Harriet Tubman birth name was Araminta Ross. in Dorchester County, Maryland. being brought into slavery, she was not treated right, taking in whippings throughout her life. At age 6, she gained experience in working, but was beaten a lot. She had gotten the measles at that age,  her owners at the time thought that something was wrong with her. So they brought her back to Brodas, getting her owners changed after she got better. But then, it turned out her new owners wasn't any better than the first. They whipped her while she worked, and was taken back to Brodas due to her behavior. She was later given a bright bandana to wear over her head representing she was no longer a child. She got her named changed to Harriet, naming herself after her mother. She was injured during the time she was age 12 because she refused to help a white man in tying a man who tried to escape from somewhere.

At the age 25, she married a man named John Tubman who was a free African American who did not want to leave nor want her to travel north in escape of the area. She wanted to leave the area so she did not have to go into slavery again. But he didn't care, and he said if she does he will tell her master. She wanted freedom, so in order to have that freedom, she had left him 1849 and escaped to Philadelphia. During her escape, a white abolitionist neighbor, gave a piece of paper, in help to her freedom. So she took the opportunity heading in the direction to freedom, while receiving help from other abolitionists. After arriving to Philadelphia, she got a job where she got payed to help free slaves. In 1850, she helped slaves leave the north. She went back to get her husband, but he had already remarried so she went back.Later she was made a "conductor"of the underground railroad knowing all the rights to free territory. in 1951, she came back to the U.S. to help other slaves escape. She continued her search in other slaves to help them in freedom. In 1861, she had gotten a job in the civil war, becoming a nurse helping injured soldiers, treating them with medicines. After the war ended 1869, she got married to a man named Nelson Davis, whom she stood with for 19 years, till he had died. So she returned back to Auburn New York while supporting for women rights. But then, she died 1913. When 1995 arrived, she was honored by the federal government, bearing her name and likeness.
  

source:http://www.math.buffalo.edu/~sww/0history/hwny-tubman.html

sojourner truth

 

 Sojourner Truth was born 1797 .Before Sojourner Truth changed her name in the future,  she was named Isabella Van Wagener. The reason for this was because since she was a spreader in words of truth, she decided to rename herself representing herself.At a young age, she had a master named Colonel Johannes Hardenbergh , along with her 11 siblings. But she was the one left behind while the others where sold for slavery or died from sickness. But then. after her master died, she got her master switched to someone else named Charles, who was the son of the last master.After 8 yrs went by when she was 11, her master became very sick and died. So his slaves were taken in by other families. But no one wanted Sojourner, so they sold her for a flock of sheep and the Neely family took her in. But they did not treat her right. She was beaten and tortured, after such times of having difficulty learning how to speak english as she was being taught.

Later, her father helped her into getting a more nicer master, being sold for $105. The family that bought her was named Schryvers.But then was moved away once again when a man named James Dumont had bought her for $300. The man turned out to be very nice, but not the rest of his family. The wife use to enjoy making fun of her, while the maids use to love seeing her get in trouble when they will throw in ashes in the clean water used for the potatoes, then was later hit for a stunt she never pulled. Later in 1817, a law came about where before being born 1799, you was set free from slavery. She decided to name herself Sojourner Truth around 1843, after slavery, she became a spokesperson against slavery throughout all her life and became successful, trying to make a change about slavery towards the future.Later through her life, she died in the year of 1893.

source:
http://www.mccsc.edu/~jcmslib/mlk/truth/slavery.htm
docsouth.unc.edu

Lucy Stone

Lucy was born on Aug. 13 1818 who later supported the women's rights. At a young age, she disagreed with her fathers idea on men having complete domination over women. She went against slavery and became part of the anti slavery society, trying to help women gain freedom. At the time, her father did not help her with her education, so she changed her education with teaching, by making and earning money. She entered institutions, developing in her writing skills, then she graduated 1847.
She was the first to have a college degree in Massachusetts.Later, she met a businessman in 1853 named Henry B. Blackwell they both got married in 1855.Both her and her husband wanted to help women with having equal rights in marriage. So through the years she helped support the rights of women and of african americans. 1848, after joining the anti slavery society, she traveled to different places to get others to help support slavery instead of going against it. She gave many speeches during weekends for womens rights. Through the years of giving speeches, she gave lectures, helping women to have the rights in marriage, and the right to vote. Finally, in 1879, they allowed women to vote, but only for school board members.Twenty-seven years after she had died 1893, women was able to vote worldwide.

Source:www.ohiohistorycentral.org 
womenshistory.about.com/od/stonelucy/p/lucy_stone.htm
www.oberlin.edu/~EOG/OYTT-images/LucyStone.html

Women's right in U.S. history

The rights of women during the 1800s,differs from what they are allowed to do now. In Britain they had very little freedom while this was considered to being part of slavery. Men had women as their possession letting it go as the man of the house, the brother or male relative, and then their husband take complete ownership of them after each other. In the lives of women, the only purpose at the time was to get married, and then make many babies and serve under the man that took over them for as long as they lived.But if a woman was to get married to someone, all their earnings were to be taken in by the husband If they didn't go by this, they were to be put down and suffer consequences. Though through the marriage vow,they were told to make a commitment. If they were to try to escape or set a divorce, they were to be captured then punished.There was three divisions of work women were broken up into. There was the upper-working class, lower-working class, and the underclass. But their was a class that had differed from the other classes where they didnt have much power or wealth.This was the lower class.They were very unclean and unkept while not dressing neatly. Some became prostitutes due to their lack of having a job and making most of their lives and tried to make money through this.
In the later years of the 1800s , they had gained rights to be free of choosing what choice they wanted to make on their own.In 1839, women was able to keep their child under their care if their was divorce between her and her husband. Later in 1870, women gained the rights to keep money they had worked hard for and earned.In 1891, women didn't have to get forced into marriage if they didn't want to.Through the years, women had gained their justice, and rights to making their own decisions.


source: staff.washington.edu/cgiacomi/.../women.html
www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wmarriage.htm
link: www.historylearningsite.co.uk